2.10 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in active site caused by changes in pH

As well as temperature, pH levels can also affect enzymes. If the pH gets too high or too low then the bonds holding the enzyme together break, much like a change in temperature. This changes the shape of the active site and consequently means that the enzyme has denatured. This means that the specific substrate can not fit into the active site therefore the enzyme can not break down the substrate.

Much like temperature, all enzymes have an optimum pH as well. This is usually neutral at pH7 but can be different. For example, Pepsin, an enzyme that works in your stomach, has an optimum pH of around 2 (so very acidic).